A mental illness marked by feelings of profound sadness and lack of interest in activities is called depression. It is not the same as “feeling blue”. The persistent low mood interferes with the ability to function and appreciate things in life. It may cause a wide range of both emotional and physical symptoms. It is possible to last for weeks, months, or years. Without treatment, people with depression rarely recover.
The exact cause of depression is not known. But there are factors that may play a role in depression. A genetic link or having a family history of depression is one of the factors. It may also because you have a certain type of brain chemistry. Experiencing stressful or traumatic life event like death in the family, divorce, job loss can lead to this illness.
If you are a female, your gender can make you more prone to this illness. Having a previous episode of depression can be a risk factor. Hormonal changes and chronic conditions like hypothyroidism, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancer, chronic pain, stroke, Parkinson’s disease can lead to depression. Risk factors are other conditions related to mental health such as anxiety, drug abuse, insomnia, personality disorder.
Emotional or social factors, such as little or no social support, negative thought patterns and beliefs, low self-esteem, lack of personal control over circumstances and feelings of helplessness can lead to this illness as well.
Depression can affect each person differently. Some people have only a few symptoms, while others have many.
Symptoms can change over time and may include persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, or emptiness, hopelessness, feeling guilty, worthless, or helpless. You may also observe a loss of interest in hobbies and activities, loss of interest in sex, feeling tired, trouble concentrating, remembering, or making decisions. Depressed patients have trouble sleeping, waking up too early, or oversleeping. They eat more or less than usual. They have thoughts of death or suicide with or without suicide attempts, restlessness or irritability.